The name of the pattern, the number of movements, and the diagrammatic symbol of each pattern symbolises either heroic figures in Korean history or instances relating to historical events. For students up to black belt level, please see also the student's handbook.
CHON-JI: means literally the "Heaven the Earth". It is, in the Orient, interpreted as the creation of the world or the beginning of human history. Therefore, it is the initial pattern played by the beginner. This pattern consists of two similar parts - one to represent the Heaven and the other the Earth. (19 movements)
DAN-GUN: is named after the Holy Dan - Gun, the legendary founder of Korea in the year of 2333 B.C. (21 movements)
DO-SAN: is the pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Ch'ang-Ho (1876 - 1938) who devoted his entire life to furthering the education of Korea and its independent movement. (24 movements)
WON-HYO: was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty in the year 686 A.D. (28 movements)
YUL-GOK: is the pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar Yi I (1536 - 1584 A.D.) nicknamed the "Confucius of Korea". The 38 movements of this pattern refer to his birthplace on 38 degrees latitude and the diagram represents "scholar".
JOONG-GUN: is named after the patriot An Joong-Gun who assassinated Hiro-Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea, known as the man who played the leading part of the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 movements in this pattern to represent Mr. An's age when he was executed at Lui-Shung prison (1910AD).
TOI-GYE: is the pen-name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th A.D.), an authority on neo-confucianism. The 37 movements of the pattern refer to his birthplace on 37 degrees latitude, the diagram represents "scholar".
HWA-RANG: is named after the Hwa-Rang youth group which originated in the Silla Dynasty about 1350 years ago. This group eventually became the actual driving force for the unification of the three Kingdoms of Korea. The 29 movements refer to the 29th Infantry Division, where Tae Kwon Do developed into maturity.
CHOONG-MOO: was the given name to the great Admiral Yi Sun-Sin of the Joseon Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armoured battleship (kobukson) which was the precursor of the present day submarine in 1592 A.D. The reason why this pattern ends with a left hand attack is to symbolise his regrettable death having no chance to show his unrestrained potentiality checked by the forced reservation of his loyalty to the king. (30 movements)
KWANG-GAE: is named after the famous Gwang-Gae-T'o-Wang, the 19th king of the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all the lost territories including the greater part of Manchuria. The diagram represents the expansion and recovery of lost territory. The 39 movements refer to his reign for 39 years.
PO-EUN: is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Chong Mong-Chu (1400 A.D.) who was a famous poet and whose poem; "I would not serve a second master though I might be crucified a hundred times." is known to every Korean. He was also a pioneer in the field of physics. The diagram (-) represents his unerring loyalty to the king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty. (36 movements)
GE-BAEK: is named after Ge-Baek, a great general in the Baek Je Dynasty (660 A.D.). The diagram (I) represents his severe and strict military discipline. (44 movements)
EUI-AM: is the pseudonym of Son Byong Hi, leader of the Korean independence movement on March 1, 1919. The 45 movements relate to his age when he changed the name of Dong Hak (Oriental Culture) to Chondo Kyo (Heavenly Way Religion) in 1905. The diagram (I) represents his indomitable spirit displayed while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his nation. (45 movements)
CHOONG-JANG: is the pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived during the Joseon Dynasty, fifteenth century. This pattern ends with a left-hand attack to symbolise the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to reach full maturity. (52 movements)
KO-DANG: is the pseudonym of the patriot Cho Man Sik who dedicated his life to the independence movement and education of his people. The 39 movements signify his times of imprisonment and his birthplace on the 39th parallel.
SAM-IL: denotes the historical date of the independence movement of Korea which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919. The 33 movements in the pattern stand for the 33 patriots who planned the movement.
YOO-SIN: is named after General Kim Yoo Sin, commanding general during the Silla Dynasty, who unified the three separate kingdoms of Korea. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 A.D., the year Korea was united.
CHOI-YONG: is named after General Choi Yong, Premier and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces during the fourteenth century Koryo Dynasty. Choi Yong was greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism, and humility. He was executed by his subordinate commanders, headed by General Yi Sung Gae, who later became the first king of the Joseon Dynasty.(46 movements)
UL-JI: is named after general Ul-Ji Mun Duk who successfully defended Korea against a Chinese invasion force of nearly one million soldiers led by Yang Je in 612 A.D. Ul-Ji employing hit and run guerrilla tactics, was able to decimate a large percentage of the force. The diagram represents his surname. The 42 movements represents the author's age when he designed the pattern.
SE-JONG: is named after the greatest Korean king, Se-Jong, who invented the Korean alphabet in 1443 A.D., and was also a noted meteorologist. The diagram represents the king, while the 24 movements refer to the 24 letters of the Korean alphabet.
TONG-IL: denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea which has been divided since 1945. The diagram (I) symbolises the homogenous race. (56 movements)
YON-GE: is named after a famous general during the Koguryo Dynasty, Yon Gae Somun. The 49 movements refer to the last two figures of 649 A.D., the year he forced the Dang Dynasty to quit Korea after destroying nearly 300,000 Chinese troops at Ansi Sung.
MOON-MOO: honours the thirtieth king of the Silla Dynasty. His body was buried near Dae Wang Am (Great King's Rock). According to his will, the body was placed at sea, "Where my soul shall forever defend my land against the Japanese." It is said that the Sok Gul Am (Stone Cave) was built to guard his tomb. The Sok Gul Am is a fine example of the culture of the Silla Dynasty. The 61 movements in this pattern symbolise the last two figures of 661 A.D. when Moon Moo came to the throne.
SO-SAN: is the pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hyung Ung, 1520-1604, during the Joseon Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he organised a corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Samung Dang. The monk soldiers helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran most of the Korean peninsula in 1592.
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